Inflammation in the heart muscle due to any reason is known as ‘myocarditis.’ Inflammation of the heart muscle can be caused by some viruses, bacteria, parasites, and viral substances or drugs. It can also be caused by autoimmune activating against self-antigens. The virus is by far the most common infectious cause of myocarditis.
Symptoms of myocarditis may include chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc.
If the heart muscle has become loose due to myocarditis, the patient’s heart failure may also occur.
When the heart rate stops, the patient may also have difficulty breathing, difficulty lying down, and swelling in the ankle due to fluid retention.
Myocarditis can also lead to heart rhythm disturbances, Due to which there is nervousness, darkness in front of the eyes. There is an increased chance of fainting and cardiac arrest in very severe cases, i.e., cardiac arrest.
Table of Contents
Myocarditis causes
Viral
- Adenovirus.
- Coxsackievirus.
- Hepatitis c virus.
- Influenza virus.
- Herpes virus.
- Epstein Barr virus.
Bacterial
- Mycobacterial species.
- Chlamydia pneumonia.
- Streptococcal species.
- Mycoplasma pneumonia.
- Treponema pallidum.
Fungal
- Candida.
- Aspergillus.
- Protozoal.
Parasitic
- Schistosomiasis.
- Larva migrans.
Toxins
- Cocaine.
Hypersensitivity
- Any drugs.
Autoimmune reaction
- Smallpox vaccination.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Signs and symptoms of myocarditis
- Tachycardia
- Dysrhythmia
- Fatigue
- Joint pain or swelling
- Leg swelling
- Shortness of breath
- Congestive cardiac failure
- Chest pain
- Breathing difficulty
- palpitation
- pedal edema
Myocarditis diagnostic evolution
- An Electrocardiogram.
- T wave inversions; saddle-shaped ST-segment elevations may be present.
- MRI.
- ESR( Earythromine sedimentation rate).
- A Chest X-Ray.
- biopsy .
Prevention
The influenza vaccine provides some protection against viral infection, and thus myocarditis can be avoided. According to experts, everyone should get the flu vaccine every year before the winter.
Drugs such as cocaine and toxins can lead to myocarditis. So, such drugs should be strongly avoided. Excessive alcohol can weaken the heart muscle and lead to cardiomyopathy. Thus, drinking excess alcohol should be avoided.
Immune habits such as regular physical exercise, avoiding smoking, a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables stimulate the immune system and develop immunity for most viruses responsible for myocarditis.
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Management
Medical management
- Give digoxin and diuretics to the patient.
- antibiotics.
- ACE inhibitors.
- Inotropes.
- Antiviral with interferon.
- Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
- Diuretic.
- Beta-blockers.
- Antiarrhythmics.
- Anticoagulants.
Surgical management
- Heart transplantation.
Complication
- Atrial fibrillation.
- Ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Sudden cardiac death.
- Multisystem organ failurents.
Does myocarditis go away?
In many cases, Myocarditis subsides on its own without treatment. Some cases that go on for a long time may never create sudden symptoms of heart failure.
How long does myocarditis last?
In some cases, Myocarditis gets better in its oven. Myocarditis focuses on the treatment and symptoms of heart disease.
In some mild cases, individuals should avoid competitive sports for at least three to six months.
Conclusion
The outlook for myocarditis is found to be primarily positive. Most people with myocarditis recover and don’t have any long-term adverse effects on their hearts.
Doctors also believe myocarditis is not inherited and haven’t found any genes indicating that it is.
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- What Is Infective Endocarditis?: Symptoms, Complications, Treatment
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