All About Extrapyramidal Side Effects Of Antipsychotics

Extrapyramidal symptoms:

Neuroleptic

• Induced Parkinsonism Symptoms include rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia, stooped posture, drooling, akinesia, ataxia, etc. The disorder can treat with Anticholinergic agents.

Akathisia

• Akathisia is a feeling of muscular discomfort that makes the patients restless and generally feels dysphoric. 

Tardive dyskinesia:

• It is an abnormal, irregular choreoathetosis movement of the muscles of the limb, trunk, and head. It is characterized by sucking, chewing, and peri-oral movements,  Grimacing.

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Acute Dystonia

•  Dystonic movements results from a slow, sustained muscular spasm that leads to an involuntary action.
•  Dystonia includes the tongue, neck, jaw, and entire body.
• Upward movements of the eyeball called an oculogyric crisis. Dystonia can be treated by beta-adrenergic. antagonists, benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, antihistaminics, dopamine agonists, etc.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

• This is a rare but severe disorder in a small minority of patients taking neuroleptics, especially high-potency compounds.
• The onset is often, but not invariably, in the first ten days of treatment. The clinical picture includes the rapid onset (usually over 24-72hours) of severe motor, mental and autonomic disorders. The prominent motor symptom is generalized muscular hypertonicity.
• The mental symptoms include akinetic mutism, stupor, or impaired consciousness. Hyperpyrexia.
• disturbances in the form of unstable blood pressure, tachycardia, excessive sweating.
• Salivation and urinary incontinence. In the blood, Creatinine Phospho Kinase[CPK]levels may be raised to very high levels, and the white cell count may increase. Secondary.
• Features may include pneumonia, thromboembolism, cardiovascular collapse, and renal failure.

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Autonomic side-effects

• Dry mouth, constipation, cycloplegia, mydriasis, urinary retention.
• Orthostatic hypotension, impotence, and impaired ejaculation.
• Seizures
• Sedation

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