Cirrhosis is described as an irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma.

Cirrhosis is a progressive disease and developing slowly over many years. It is allowed to continue, and the buildup of scar tissue can eventually stop liver function.

Causes of cirrhosis

The common causes of cirrhosis are long-term viral hepatitis C infection and chronic alcohol abuse.

Hepatitis B and C infection
Toxic metals
Autoimmune hepatitis
Bad reactions to certain medications
Digestive disorder
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Blockage of the bile ducts

I have already covered Is Hepatitis A Virus Or Bacteria? | All About Hepatitis Viruses in depth:

Symptoms of cirrhosis

The early stages of cirrhosis symptoms are not typical.

Insomnia
Nausea
Weakness
Itchy skin
Fatigue
Blood capillaries become visible on the skin on the upper abdomen.

Some symptoms may appear as liver cirrhosis progresses:

Bleeding gums
Confusion
Accelerated heartbeat
Dizziness
Hair loss
Jaundice
Nosebleeds
Personality changes

Final stages of cirrhosis of the liver?

Cirrhosis itself is a sign that liver damage has entered a late stage. At the end of cirrhosis, it becomes difficult for the injured tissue to heal.

In cirrhosis, signs of late-stage liver disease complication develop. Liver transplantation is the only solution for this.

Stage 1

At this stage, there are some symptoms in the liver along with the symptoms.

Stage 2

Your portal blood pressure worsens at this stage of cirrhosis.

Stage 3

At this stage, along with the scar in the liver, there is swelling in the abdomen. There is a possibility of liver failure.

Stage 4

Your life may be in danger at this stage of cirrhosis, and liver transplantation is advisable.

I also wrote a article on Liver Cancer Prognosis | Is Liver Cancer Curable? also you can read.

Alcoholic liver disease

Fatty liver
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis

Sign and Symptoms

Exhaustion
Fatigue
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Spider-like blood vessels (spider angiomas) that develop on the skin
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Weakness

Investigations- Alcoholic cirrhosis

Prolonged Prothrombin Time
Decreased serum albumin, increased serum globulin.
Leucopenia and thrombocytopenia during hypersplenism.
Glucose intolerance (insulin resistance)
Elevated ammonia level in hepatic encephalopathy
Hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, respiratory alkalosis
Ultrasonography – liver size, echotexture.
Liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnosis

Basis of signs and symptoms
Laboratory tests
The medical history
Physical examination
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan,
Ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
Laparoscope
Liver biopsy

Treatment – Alcoholic cirrhosis

Treatment is purely symptomatic
Alcohol should be forbidden
Diet enriched with proteins and amino acids
Drugs manage with caution.

Post necrotic cirrhosis

It is an extensive loss of liver cells that is hepatocytes.

Causes:

Hepatitis B, C
Chronic active hepatitis
Drugs and toxins (arsenicals, INH, methotrexate, methyldopa).
Alcoholic and primary biliary cirrhosis lead to post necrotic cirrhosis in late stages.

Also see: Is Hepatitis A Virus Or Bacteria?

Cardiac cirrhosis

Prolonged severe right-sided stuffed heart failure leads to dilation and engorgement of hepatic sinusoids.
Nutmeg liver macroscopically.
Liver extends, firm, non-tender, and non-pulsatile despite TR. Signs of right heart failure.
Mild elevation of serum bilirubin and serum AST levels.
Treatment of underlying cardiac disorder.

Complications of cirrhosis

Portal Hypertension
Ascites
Hepatic encephalopathy
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hepatorenal syndrome
Heptocellular carcinoma
Coagulopathy

How cirrhosis is diagnosed

There are few symptoms of cirrhosis; the diagnosis is made when the patient is being tested for some disease.

Discuss with your family doctor if you have any of the following symptoms

Blood in vomit
Fever with shivering
Difficulty in breath
A dark and tarry stool

A doctor will examine the patient, and the patient will be asked about their medical history and lifestyle, including drinking.

The doctor will also ask you to do something which is below,

Blood test
Biopsy
Imaging tests
Endoscopy

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Cirrhosis treatment

The treatment of liver cirrhosis depends on its cause and whether there are any complications or not.

As liver cirrhosis progresses, the patient may require additional treatment and hospitalization to manage complications. Its treatment may include.

Treatment for alcohol dependency
Medications
Screening for liver cancer
Antibiotics for infection
Banding

When all treatments have failed, liver transplantation is the only option.

Patients with cirrhosis should not take alcohol over-the-counter medicines without consulting their doctor.

Conclusion

The survival rate of a person with liver cirrhosis is dependent on the severity of the disease.

Cirrhosis is a severe condition that reduces life expectancy and affects the quality of life.

It is good to keep a person with cirrhosis away from alcohol.

To learn more, you can read: Portal Hypertension: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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What Are The Final Stages Of Cirrhosis Of The Liver?

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