Lymphoma is the growth of the cancerous cells in the immune system cells called lymphocytes. In addition, one or more abnormal cells are found in the lymph nodes.
This cell produces abnormal cells that travel from one lymph node to another.
Lymphoma occurs when lymphocyte B or T cells transform and grow and multiply uncontrollably.
Table of Contents
Types of lymphoma
Types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
It is seen in 30% of cases, involves the T cells, and usually presents with a mass in the chest.
Burkitt’s or non-Burkitt’s lymphoma
In which the cells are diffuse. The tumor showed in the bone marrow, abdomen, and brain.
Large cell or diffuse histolytic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Involves the B cells, and T cells account for about 25 % of the cases. Children with this type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma typically own a lymphatic system that applies and nonlymphoid structure.
B cells chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma
CLL is in the bone marrow, and SLL is primarily in lymph nodes.
Follicular lymphomas
Follicular lymphomas make up about 14 % of all lymphomas. It is a very slow-growing lymphoma.
Causes of lymphoma
There is no definite cause of lymphoma to date. But some factors increase the risk.
- Exposure to benzene or chemicals that kill insects and weeds.
- Had treatment for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the past
- Have been treated for cancer with radiation.
Risk factors
There are some risk factors for lymphoma:
- Epstein- Barr virus
- H. pylori infection,
- Human T cell leukemia
- A compromised immune system HIV/AIDS
- Clinical manifestation
- Fever
- Excessive sweating or night sweats
- Weight loss, loss of appetite
- Fatigue and weakness
- Severe itchiness
- Coughing, shortness of breath
- Constant tiredness
- Red patches
- Enlarged spleen
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Signs and symptoms
People with lymphoma may notice some lumps in the skin in addition to swelling in the lymph nodes. However, due to having lymph nodes in other body parts, one can see symptoms.
- Like – in the upper part of the chest.
- Between belly and thigh, Near the neck.
Some other symptoms include –
- Breathlessness.
- Fever
- Bone pain.
- Loss of weight.
- Feeling tired.
- Stomach ache problem.
- Rashes
- Coughing
- Itching
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Diagnoses of lymphoma
To Test lymphoma, your doctor will first do a physical exam and examine the location of your lymph nodes. Apart from this, there are some other tests which are given below.
- Physical examination
- Blood and urine test
- Biopsy
- Bone marrow tests
- X- rays
- CT / MRI
- Gallium scan
Treatment lymphoma
Chemotherapy
This treatment and drugs are used to kill cancer cells.
(Read more – Why chemotherapy is done)
Radiation therapy
In which high-energy X-rays kill cancer cells.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy involves using artificial immune proteins to deal with the body’s immune system or cancer cells.
Bone marrow transplant/stem cell transplant
It uses bone marrow or stem cells from the donor, close relatives to replace the bone marrow affected by cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
In this treatment, drugs are used to destroy cancer cells. (Read more – Why chemotherapy is done)
Radiation therapy
In which high-energy X-rays kill cancer cells.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy involves using artificial immune proteins to deal with the body’s immune system or cancer cells.
Bone marrow transplant/stem cell transplant
It uses bone marrow or stem cells from the donor, close relatives to replace the bone marrow affected by cancer cells.
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How fast can you die from lymphoma?
Most people often die from infections, bleeding, or organ failure resulting from metastases with NHL. A sudden bleeding or severe infection can quickly lead to death, even if someone doesn’t appear very ill.
I also wrote an article on What Is Colorectal Cancer?: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment.
Frequently ask question
The common questions and answers about lymphoma.
Can lymphoma be cured completely?
Lymphoma is often curable in the initial stage or early stage, but it is not curable in the late stage.
Is lymphoma considered cancer?
Lymphoma is cancer that starts in cells part of the body’s immune system.
What happens to a person with lymphoma?
When a person has lymphoma, that affects their lymphocytes. It becomes abnormal, uncontrollable growth of the cancerous cell.
Conclusion
More than 70% of people diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma will live for at least five years with lymphoma treatment.
It is most important to seek medical attention for symptoms of cold or infection that continue for an extended period. Better diagnosis can improve a person’s chances of successful treatment.
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