Hantaviruses are RNA viruses developed to humans by rodents rodent-borne.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, also included as HPS, is a late disease stage with a hantavirus subtype.
Symptoms to show hantavirus infections fatigue, fever, muscle pain are not affected by anything specific.
symptoms occur between 9-33 days after the virus exposure into the body, but symptoms can appear as early as one week or as late as eight weeks. Early symptoms are general and include fever, fatigue, and muscle pain.
As it spreads during the body, it includes; lung congestion, fluid accumulation in the lungs, and Shortness of breath.
Also, some hantaviruses can cause hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome HFRS as the condition progresses.
Research that broke out in the USA in 1993 identified the hantavirus. The hantavirus is transmitted to humans through its particles; Mice urine, feces, saliva, and gaseous particles containing these excretions.
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Table of Contents
Symptoms of hantavirus
Flu-like Symptoms
It is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Symptoms are include
- Fever
- Chills
- Cough
- Discomfort, Headache
Other symptoms are :
- Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea
- Muscle or body pains
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Appetite loss
- Sore throat
What is hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?
The hantavirus represents several groups of RNA-containing viruses carried by rodents and can cause severe respiratory infections termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is a condition caused by hantavirus in human lungs filling with pulmonary fluid edema and causing death in about 37% of all infected cases.
I had earlier shared: What Is Acute Respiratory Infection?. I hope you read the post.
Do house mice carry hantavirus
Do all mice carry Hantavirus?
According to the CDC report, the Hantavirus is spread by rats.
Only some kinds of mice and rats spread the hantaviruses that can cause HPS. Deer mouse, cotton rat, the white-footed mouse, the rice rat, not every deer mouse, but cotton rat, rice rat, the white-footed mouse carries a hantavirus.
Is hantavirus contagious?
The hantavirus rodent, which is a species of rat, is carried in the body. This does not cause disease to the rat, but it can cause the death of a human.
According to the CDC, hantavirus infection does not spread through the air or breath.
If one person is suffering from this virus, it does not spread the infection to another person.
Contact with a rat; then, he is at risk of infection with the Hantavirus. Contact with the saliva, spit, feces, or urine, and by touching the eyes, ears, mouth, etc.
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Diagnoses hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
A diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a positive serological test, which is a symptom of viral antigen in tissue by immunohistochemistry and the presence of amplifiable viral RNA sequences in blood and tissue, with compatible history of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is considered diagnostic for HPS.
Treatment for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Unfortunately, hantavirus can lead to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. According to the Center for disease control, hantavirus infections according have a mortality rate of about 37%.
At this time, there is no definite treatment for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome other than early recognition of HPS and after medical support.
The CDC recommends that early treatment in an intensive care unit allow the patient to survive critical HPS.
Experimentally, doctors have administered the antiviral drug ribavirin rabetol (Copagus), but there is currently no clear data to establish whether the drug is effective against HPS; However, its use against HFRS early in the disease suggests that ribavirin may reduce illness and death. Can decrease illness and deaths.
Vaccines are not available to protect against any hantaviruses.
As a result, most patients diagnosed with HPS are usually intensive care by specialists trained in critical care, usually in consultation with an infectious-disease doctor.
Because the lung is the most compromised organ in this infection, a pulmonologist is usually consulted.
You must read this article: What Causes legionnaires Disease?
Can you prevent hps?
There is no vaccine available to protect hantavirus. Therefore, the CDC recommends eliminating or reducing contact with any rats by reducing rat access or rat-proofing.
It helps seal gaps and holes, place traps and keep food as clean and free as possible. If a person is exposed to rats or the areas where they live, precautions such as gloves and masks can reduce the chances of infection; Disinfection treatment of potentially contaminated surfaces also helps prevent disease.
Do not use a vacuum or use a broom to remove rat urine and feces; This action may increase the chance of HPS by generating aerosols.
Can reduce the risk of HPS by using household detergents and 15 cups of bleach per gallon of water to clean and spray the potentially infected area and by wearing gloves and masks to minimize environmental exposure. In addition, be careful with rats trapped in traps.
Chances of getting hantavirus?
Chance for HPS is the association with
- Feces or with dust, dirt.
- Rodent infestation.
- Rodent saliva and urine.
Surfaces infected with such rodent excretions, both by direct contact or by aerosol.
Rodents are easily entered by Barns, sheds, homes, and buildings. These are potential places for hantavirus to contact people.
Rural areas with forests or fields that can support large rodent, people increase the chance of exposure to hantavirus.
Camping or hiking in areas known to have high rodent people and occupying areas where rodents may seek shelter increase one’s chance.
Working in areas that may be shelters for rodents, crawl spaces, vacated buildings, construction sites may also have an increased chance of hantavirus syndrome.
The chance is high in people who work in areas known to have produced hantavirus pulmonary syndrome infections.
How long does hantavirus live in droppings?
The CDC suggests that the virus should not be contagious in rat droppings, urine, and feces after one week to 6 week.
When cleaning after a rat infestation, the important thing is not to create dust. Do not clean or vacuum rat droppings. Wear rubber, latex, or vinyl gloves.
Wet the droppings, urine, and nest material with a spray disinfectant. Soak the disinfectant for five minutes.
Use paper towels to remove droppings and other debris. Throw it in the trash
After removing the droppings and the nest’s contents, sprinkle any items that may be contaminating the rats.
Clean the floor and countertops with disinfectant. Steam-clean or shampoo upholstered furniture and carpets where rats Have.
Wash any bedding or clothing that has been exposed to rats or their droppings/urine in warm water. And wash your hands afterward.
Conclusion
They may be rare, but hantavirus infections can be deadly. In addition, hantavirus can be difficult to diagnose. There isn’t a way to test for it rapidly that’s yet widely available. Therefore, presenting a full history to a doctor to account for the context of the illness is essential.
Let me know if you know any other tips to stop the spread of huntavuirus.
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