Introduction
It is a common belief that Parkinson’s syndrome is caused by the lack of sufficient amounts of a brain chemical called dopamine by the nerve cells in the brain. As the disease progresses, the amount of dopamine produced in the brain decreases.
Definition
Parkinson’s disease(PD) affects dopamine-producing neurons in a specific brain area, which disturb muscle control, training, and balance.
Table of Contents
Causes and risk factors
- Main cause is unknown.
- Genetic factors
- Family history
- History of head injury
- History of a brain disorder like infection
Also see: Speech Disorders: Risk Factor, Cause, Symptoms, And Treatment
Signs and symptoms
The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease start with a slight tremor in one hand and a feeling of stiffness in the body. Some other symptoms develop, and some people can experience dementia.
Also read: How Long Do People Live With Dementia?
Some sign of Parkinson’s disease are including:
- Loss of automatic movements, including blinking, smiling, or swinging arms during the walk.
- Speech changes. The patient may speak softly, quickly, slur, or hesitate before talking.
- Writing changes. It may become hard to write.
- Slowed movement (bradykinesia), making simple tasks difficult and time-consuming.
- Movement changes
- Constipation
- Voice changes
- Skin problem
- Stroke
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Diagnosis evalution
- History and neurological examination
- CT SCAN
- MRI
- PET SCAN
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Cure
Parkinson’s disease can’t be cured, but medications can help control symptoms, often dramatically.
Following medications are used to control symptoms:
Anti parkinsonian medications: specially LEVODOPA is used in combination with other drugs.
Dopamine agonists: Bromo criptinecan imitates the action of dopamine in the brain. They’re less effective than levodopa.
Anticholinergics
- Anticholinergic sare used to block the parasympathetic nervous system. They can help with rigidity.
- Methyltransferaseinhibitors: Amantadinecan is used along with levodopa to increase its effect.
- MAO (monoamine oxidase) B inhibitors: MAO B inhibitors inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase.
Surgical Intervention
- Deep brain stimulation
- During deep brain stimulation (DBS) to implant electrodes in specific parts of the brain.
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Conclusion
Parkinson’s disease is a lifelong disease including neurological changes in the body. In Parkinson’s disease, genetic and environmental factors may play a role.
Regular exercise, eat a healthy diet, and avoiding toxins may all help prevent Parkinson’s disease,
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