Disorder due to other substance use refers to conditions arising from drug abuse like opioids, Cannabis, Cocaine, Amphetamine, Barbiturate, LSD, Inhalant, or volatile solvent.
Psychotropic medications treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitters. Psychoactive drugs act as agonists or antagonists for a neurotransmitter system.
Here we will see acute intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, complication and treatment of opioid use disorder, Cannabis use disorder, Amphetamine use disorder, cocaine use disorder, Barbiturate use disorder, LSD Inhalant, or volatile solvent use disorder.
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Opioid use disorder
In the last few years, the maximum use of opioids has increased worldwide, and the use of these drugs can cause substantial side effects on physical and mental health.
The drugs like heroin, buprenorphine, and pentazocine are injected through the needle.
The majority of drug addicts are between the age group of 16 to 30 years.
These drug abusers are most unmarried and from lower socio-economic strata.
Though most opiate users had begun chasing heroin, they gradually shifted to needle use.
Acute intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Lack of emotions
- Decreased heart rate
- Low blood pressure
- Respiratory depression
- coma
Withdrawal syndrome
If a person is taking less likely drugs or discontinuing the medications, it leads to the following symptoms:
- Watery eyes
- Running nose
- Yawning
- Loss of appetite
- Tremors
- Sweating
Complications
- If a Person is taking intravenous drugs, then it leads to the following complications.
- Skin infection
- formation of blood clots in a vein
- blockage of an artery in the lungs,
- condition of the inner layer of the heart,
- blood infection
- viral hepatitis
- Involvement in criminal activities
Treatment
- Treatment of opioids overdose can be treated with a narcotic antagonist that is opposite or adversary to reduce the overdose of drugs .for. E.g., naloxone, naltrexone.
Cannabis use disorder
It is derived from the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa; it is taken in smoked or liquid form.
Ganja and marijuana are made up of dried leaves and flowering tops.
Acute intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Mild impairment in consciousness
- Increased heartbeat
- Alteration in psychomotor activity
- A person is unreal about self
- A person is fake about the environment
Withdrawal symptoms
If a Person is taking less likely drugs or Discontinue the medications then leads to the following symptoms:
- Increased salivation
- Increased body temperature
- Insomnia
- Decreased appetite
- Loss of weight
Complications
- If a Person is taking intravenous drugs, then it leads to the following complications Hypomania
- Memory impairment
Treatment
- Can the Treatment of Cannabis overdose be treated with Supportive and symptomatic Treatment.
Cocaine use disorder
The common street name is crack. It can be administered orally by smoking or parenterally.
Acute intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Pupillary dilatation
- Sweating and nausea
- Increased heartbeat
Withdrawal syndrome
- If a Person is taking less likely drugs or discontinue the medications, then it leads to the following symptoms
- Agitation
- Depression
- Abnormal heart rhythm.
Treatment
Antidepressants and psychotherapy are given to the patient.
Amphetamine use disorder
Amphetamine is a potent CNS stimulant with peripheral sympathomimetic effects.
Commonly used amphetamines are pemoline and methylphenidate.
Acute intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Increase heart rate,
- Increased blood pressure
- cardiac failure,
- Hallucination(misinterpretation of stimuli in the absence of stimuli)
Withdrawal syndrome
- If a Person is taking less likely drugs or discontinue the medications, then it leads to the following symptoms
- Depression
- lack of emotion
- Fatigue
- Increased sleep.
Complications
If a Person is taking intravenous drugs, then it leads to the following complications:
- Seizures
- Delirium
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Coma
LCD use disorder
- LSD produces hallucinations.
- It creates an effect by acting on the 5-HT level in the brain
- It is used occasionally after a long period.
Intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Perceptual changes happen in clear consciousness, e.g., a Person is unreal about self.
- The person is fake about the environment.
Withdrawal syndrome
- If a Person is taking less likely drugs or discontinue the medications, then it leads to the following symptoms.
- Flashback
Complications
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Psychosis
- Hallucinosis
Treatment
- Symptomatic treatment with an antianxiety, antidepressant, or antipsychotic medications
Barbiturate use disorder
The commonly abused barbiturate are secobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital.
Acute Intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Acute intoxication characterized by
- irritability,
- liability of mood,
- disinherited behavior,
- Slurring of speech.
Withdrawal syndrome
- If a Person is taking less likely drugs or discontinue the medications, then it leads to the following symptoms.
- Marked restlessness
- Tremors and seizures.
Complications
- Cellulite
- Skin abscess
- Infection,
- Embolism
Treatment
- Induction of vomiting and use of charcoal reduces the absorption.
Inhalant volatile solvent
The commonly used volatile solvents include petrol, aerosol, thinners, varnish remover industrial solvents.
Acute Intoxication
Overdose of drugs has the following symptoms:
- Inhalation of a volatile solvent leads to euphoria( cheerful feelings)
- Excitement
- Slurring of speech,
- lack of emotion
Withdrawal symptoms
- If a Person is taking less likely drugs or discontinue the medications, then it leads to the following symptoms.
- Anxiety
- Depression
Complications
- Damage to liver and kidney
- Peripheral neuropathy
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