A cataract is cloudiness around the lens, cataract in one or both eyes. If present in both may affect the patient’s vision more than the other. Cataracts are the third leading cause of preventable blindness.
Although most cataracts are related (senile cataracts), they can be associated with other factors. These include blunt or penetrating trauma, congenital factors such as maternal rubella, radiation, or UV light exposure
Specific drugs such as systemic corticosteroids or prolonged-term topical corticosteroids and ocular inflammation.
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Causes of cataract surgery
Although most cataracts are related (senile cataracts), they can be associated with other factors. These include blunt or penetrating trauma, genetic factors such as maternal rubella, radiation, UV light exposure, a specific drug such as systemic corticosteroids or prolonged-term topical corticosteroids, and ocular inflammation.
The patient with diabetes mellitus tends to develop cataracts younger than the patient without diabetes.
Several factors mediate
Cataract development: In senile cataract formation, altered metabolic processes within the lens cause an accumulation of water and alterations in the lens fiber structure. These changes affect lens transparency, causing vision changes.
Signs and symptoms of cataract surgery
The patient with cataracts may complain of a decrease in vision, abnormal color perception, and glare.
Glare is due to light scatter caused by the lens opacities, and it may be significantly worse at night when the pupil dilates.
The visual decline is gradually, but the rate of cataract development varies from patient to patient.
Secondary glaucoma can also occur if an enlarging lens causes increased IOP.
Diagnosis for cataract surgery
- History and physical examination
- Visual acuity measurement
- Ophthalmoscopy (direct and indirect)
- Slit-lamp microscopy
- Acuity testing
- Glare testing potential
- Keratometry and A-scan ultrasound
- Nonsurgical
- Change prescription of glasses
- Strong reading glasses or magnifiers
- Increased lighting
- Lifestyle adjustment
- Reassurance
Treatment for cataract surgery
- Mydriatic, cycloplegic agents
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Topical antibiotics
- Antianxiety medications
- Surgery
- Removal of the lens
- Phacoemulsification
- Extracapsular extraction
- Correction of surgical aphakia intraocular lens implantation (a most frequent type of Correction).
- Contact lens.
- Postoperative
- Topical antibiotic
- Topical corticosteroid or another anti-inflammatory agent
- Mild analgesia if necessary
- Eye shield and activity as preferred by the patient’s surgeon.
How long does it take to recover from cataract surgery?
After cataract surgery, you may experience itching, burning, and pain in your eye. A few days later, most of the discomfort disappears. It takes 4-6 weeks to be fully treated.
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Conclusion
Cataracts affect the daily routine activities of life. It can affect the vision if it is not treated effectively. Surgical removal of cataracts is to be done, and it is a common procedure.
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