What is Spinal Cord Injury ?
Spinal cord injury is damage or trauma to the spinal cord that leads to a loss of function like mobility or feeling.
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Table of Contents
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Causes and risk factors
- Traumatic injury Fall
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Sports injury
- Industrial accident spun shot injury
- Assault
- Act of violent infectious condition arthritis Osteoporosis.
Also see: Oncological emergencies: All About It
Types and their symptoms
Cervical (Neck) Injuries
- Breathing difficulties
- Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
- Numbness
- Sensory changes
- Paralysis
- Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
- Extreme pain in the neck
Thoracic (Chest Leval Injuries)
- Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
- Numbness
- Sensory changes
- Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
- Weakness,
- Paraplegia
- Paraparesis(weakness in the leg)
- Upper back pain
Lumbar Sacral (Lower Back) Injuries
- Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
- Numbness
- Pain
- Sensory changes
- Spasticity
- Weakness and paralysis
- Three main patterns of spinal cord injury
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Central cord syndrome
It is a common cervical spinal cord injury the patient has loss of motion and sensation in arms and hands
Anterior cord syndrome
- Anterior cord syndromeis an incomplete cord syndrome that affects 2/3 spinal cord—resulting in motor paralysis that leads to below the lesion level and the motor paralysis, loss of pain, and temperature.
Brown cord syndrome
- Brown-Square syndrome is a rare neurological condition in that lesions in the spinal cord can lead to paralysis to one side of the body and loss of sensation on the body’s opposite side.
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Diagnostic tests
- History and physical examination
- Spine x-ray
- CT SCAN and MRI
- Myelogram
Emergency cure
- Immobilization
- Stabilization of life-threatening injuries
- Transportation to a medical facility
- Careful monitoring of vital signs and airways
- Keep patient immobilize with a cervical collar, sandbags, and rigid spine board
You must read this article: What Is Neural Tube Defect?
Medical Management
- Respiratory management
- Pharmacologic management: corticosteroid for swelling
- Immobilization
- Supportive therapy
Pain medication
- Botox injection for muscles spasticity
- Medication to improve bowel and bladder function
- Physical therapy is advised.
- Catheterization
Surgical management
- Surgery may be performed with two-goal:
- Relieve any pressure on the spine
- Remove bone or foreign body and correct herniated disk or fractured vertebrae,
- A combination of metal screws, roads, and plates may be necessary to hold vertebrae together and stabilize them until the bones heal.
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Conclusion
The spinal cord affects around 250-500,000 people worldwide every year that refers to damage from trauma, disease, or degeneration. These conditions can have a substantial impact on day-to-day activities and quality of life.
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