What is Spinal Cord Injury ?

Spinal cord injury is damage or trauma to the spinal cord that leads to a loss of function like mobility or feeling.

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Causes and risk factors

Traumatic injury Fall
Motor vehicle accidents
Sports injury
Industrial accident spun shot injury
Assault
Act of violent infectious condition arthritis Osteoporosis.

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Types and their symptoms

Cervical (Neck) Injuries

Breathing difficulties
Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
Numbness
Sensory changes
Paralysis
Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
Extreme pain in the neck

Thoracic (Chest Leval Injuries)

Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
Numbness
Sensory changes
Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
Weakness,
Paraplegia
Paraparesis(weakness in the leg)
Upper back pain

Lumbar Sacral (Lower Back) Injuries

Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
Numbness
Pain
Sensory changes
Spasticity
Weakness and paralysis
Three main patterns of spinal cord injury

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Central cord syndrome

It is a common cervical spinal cord injury the patient has loss of motion and sensation in arms and hands

Anterior cord syndrome

Anterior cord syndromeis an incomplete cord syndrome that affects 2/3 spinal cord—resulting in motor paralysis that leads to below the lesion level and the motor paralysis, loss of pain, and temperature.

Brown cord syndrome

Brown-Square syndrome is a rare neurological condition in that lesions in the spinal cord can lead to paralysis to one side of the body and loss of sensation on the body’s opposite side.

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Diagnostic tests

History and physical examination
Spine x-ray
CT SCAN and MRI
Myelogram

Emergency cure

Immobilization
Stabilization of life-threatening injuries
Transportation to a medical facility
Careful monitoring of vital signs and airways
Keep patient immobilize with a cervical collar, sandbags, and rigid spine board

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Medical Management

Respiratory management
Pharmacologic management: corticosteroid for swelling
Immobilization
Supportive therapy

Pain medication

Botox injection for muscles spasticity
Medication to improve bowel and bladder function
Physical therapy is advised.
Catheterization

Surgical management

Surgery may be performed with two-goal:
Relieve any pressure on the spine
Remove bone or foreign body and correct herniated disk or fractured vertebrae,
A combination of metal screws, roads, and plates may be necessary to hold vertebrae together and stabilize them until the bones heal.

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Conclusion

The spinal cord affects around 250-500,000 people worldwide every year that refers to damage from trauma, disease, or degeneration. These conditions can have a substantial impact on day-to-day activities and quality of life.

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What is Spinal cord Injury?: Cure, Symptoms, Causes