What Is Hypopituitarism?

When the pituitary gland cannot produce some or all of its hormones in normal amounts, it is called hypopituitarism. The pituitary gland produces many hormones or chemicals that control other glands in the body. If these glands cannot produce these hormones, then it is called hypopituitarism.

Hypopituitarism is a syndrome that is due to the low secretion of hormones that are ACTH(Adrino corticotrophin hormone), ADH(anti diuretics hormone), FSH(follicle-stimulating hormones), TSH(Thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH(luteinizing hormones), GH(Growth hormones), and prolactin is a condition primarily affecting the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Causes and risk factors

Anterior pituitary tumors: tumors can stop the pituitary gland’s growth or damage the gland.
A pituitary tumor can suppress the optic nerves in the eye and cause visual problems
Brain surgery
Radiation treatment
Autoimmune inflammation
Infections: cerebral abscess, meningitis, TB,
Pituitary adenomas
Head injuries
Brain tumor

Signs and symptoms

It depends on which pituitary hormones are deficient and how severe the deficiency is
Acute pituitary failure with acute collapse and coma
ACTH hormone deficiency:- fatigue, pallor, anorexia, weight loss, dizziness, weakness, depression, nausea or vomiting, circulatory failure, fever and shock, hypoglycemia, hypotension, anemia, in children delayed puberty,
TSH deficiency:- constipation, weight gain, bradycardia, hypotension, sensitivity to cold, decreased energy, and muscle weakness, tiredness, hair loss, dry skin, hoarseness
In children: retarded development, growth retardation.

Growth hormone deficiency

In children, symptoms include fatigue, short height, decreased muscle mass and strength, fat around the waist and in the face, low overall growth or growth retardation

In adult symptoms include low energy, reduced strength and exercise tolerance, weight gain, obesity, anxiety or depression impairment of attention and memory.

Prolaction deficiency

ADH deficiency

Increased thirst and urination, decreased urine osmolality, and hypernatremia.

Gonadotropin deficiency Men

loss of libido, impaired sexual function, mood impairment, loss of facial and body hair, decreased muscle mass, osteoporosis, anemia.

Women

irregular or stop menstrual periods, loss of libido, infertility and osteoporosis. Weakness, lack of interest in sexual activity, infertility.

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Children

delayed puberty

Diagnostic evalution

Blood tests:-they can help detect deficits in hormones as a result of pituitary failure
Stimulation or dynamic testing:- which check the body’s secretion of hormones after administration of specific medication that can stimulate hormone production
Brain imaging: CT-SCAN and MRI scan
Vision tests
X-ray

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Management

Hormone replacement medicine

Corticosteroids are used to treat adrenal insufficiency due to the ACTH deficiency.

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy use for hypothyroidism, drugs such as levothyroxine may be used.

Desmopressin to replace the adrenocorticotropic hormone.

GH replacement therapy genotropin

Sex hormone deficiency is treated with sex hormone therapy.

Testosterone replacement therapy is used in men with androgen deficiency.

Estrogen replacement therapy with or without progesterone is used in women.

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What Is Hypopituitarism?: Causes, Treatment, Diagnosis