Introduction

Dementia affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily life.

Dementia develops when the part of the brain involved with learning, decision making, language, and memory is affected by various causes.

Approximately 15% of people with dementia have reversible illness if treatment is initiated before irreversible damage takes place

Dementia is a disease in that decline in memory, language, problem-solving, thinking that affect a person’s person’s ability to perform everyday activities.

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What to expect with frontotemporal dementia?

With FTD, unusual behavior and loss of speech or language are usually the first symptoms.
In later stages of dementia, patients develop movement disorders such as instability, rigidity, twitches, slowness, muscle weakness, or difficulty swallowing.

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Signs of frontotemporal dementia may involve the following symptoms:

Unusual verbal, physical, or sexual behavior
Lack of inhibition
Change in mood and personality

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How do you get dementia?

Dementia is generated by damage to brain cells. When your brain cells cannot normally communicate, thinking, behavior, and feelings can be affected.

Changes in your brain that cause dementia are caused, memory and thinking problems caused by the conditions that may develop when the condition is treated or addressed:

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Depression
Vitamin deficiencies
Thyroid problem
Medication side effects

Causes of dementia

Advancing age
Genetics
Head injury
Brain tumors
Electrolyte imbalance
Kidney, liver, and lungs disease
Heart disease
Cerebrovascular accident

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Types of dementia

Cortical and subcortical Dementias

Cortical dementia arises from a disorder affecting the cerebral cortex. While subcortical dementia result from dysfunction of the brain that is beneath the cortex

Reversible and non-reversible Dementia

Reversible dementia has a specific and treatable cause. At the same time, non-reversible dementia has a progressive and untreatable reason.

Pre-senile and senile Dementia

Rresenile dementia has similar symptoms as senile dementia, but it develops in the younger age group. While senile dementia mostly occurs with age after 65 years.
Senile dementia is also called Alzheimer’s disease.

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Types of dementia according to Causes

Vascular dementia

It occurs due to brain damage from a cerebrovascular accident and is reversible.

Frontotemporal dementia

It is dementia linked with degeneration of nerve cells in the brain’s frontal and temporal regions.

Lewy body dementia

It is common and progressive where cells in the brain cortex die.

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Risk factors

Age

The risk after the age of 65 years. Dementia can occur in younger people.
Smoking. Smoking might increase the risk for vascular disease.

Heavy alcohol use

Heart problems such as increased blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes increased the risk of dementia.

Vitamin and nutritional deficiencies

Low levels of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and folate may increase your risk of dementia.

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Signs and symptoms

Cognitive changes
Memory loss
Difficulty handling complex tasks
Difficulty with planning and organizing
Difficulty reasoning or problem-solving
Forgetfulness (loses things, forget numbers)
Confusion with performing simple tasks
Poor concentration,
Difficulty with visual and spatial abilities
Confusion about month and season
Confusion and disorientation
Psychological changes
Personality changes
Depression
Anxiety
Inappropriate behavior
Paranoia
Agitation
Hallucinations

Diagnosis evalutions

Mental status assessment.
Physical and neurological exams.
Hematological investigation
Blood glucose
ESR
CBC
Urine examination

Radiological examination

X-ray skull
CT scan of the skull
MRI of the skull
Electroencephalography
Brain biopsy

Management

Common medication used for dementia are as follow:

Antipsychotic to improve cognitive changes.
Antidepressant
Mood stabilizer
Anti-anxiety drugs

Psychological Therapies

Behavioral therapy
Cognitive therapy.

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Conclusion

Dementia is a term that describes symptoms that affect memory, thinking, feelings, and behavior.
Symptoms may get worse over time. Certain medications can help manage the symptoms, but ultimately the person needs full-time help.

What To Expect With Frontotemporal Dementia?