What is hypoparathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon condition where the body produces abnormally low parathyroid hormone levels that are maintaining a balance of two minerals like phosphorus and calcium.
Hypoparathyroidism occurs when there are insufficient levels of parathyroid hormone are released by the parathyroid glands. It can cause hypoparathyroidism.
Which of the following would result from hypoparathyroidism?
Table of Contents
Types Of hypoparathyroidism
Risk factors
- Recent neck surgery, mainly if the thyroid was involved.
- A family history of hypoparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Metal(iron, mg, aluminum) overload
- Cancer or infectious disease, e.g., HIV
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Causes of hypoparathyroidism
- Tingling numbness or burning in fingertips, toes, and lips
- Muscle aches or cramps affecting legs, abdomen, feet, and face.
- Spasms of muscles around the mouth but also in hand, arms, and throating, dry hair, brittle nails, and dry and coarse.
- Patchy hair loss
- Thinning of eyebrows
- Malformations of teeth, including weakened tooth enamel
- Loss of memory
- Headache
- Severe muscles spasms
- Fatigue and weakness
- Painful menstruation
- Anxiety of nervousness
- Personality change, depression, mood swings
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Signs and symptoms
Gastrointestinal conditions
- Constipation
- Nausea and vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Frequent heartburn
- Abdominal pain
- Peptic ulcer disease
Urinary system
- Kidney stones
- Flank pain
- Frequent urination
- Increased urine output
Psychological condition
- Personality changes
- Confusion
- Dementia
- Memory loss
- Depression
Other symptoms
- Bone pain
- Bone aches
- Osteoporosis
Diagnostic evaluations
- Medical history
- Physical examinations
- PTH concentrations
- Blood and urine calcium levels and serum phosphate level (more than 5.4mg/dl)
- X-rays
- ECG changes disclose increased QT and ST intervals due to hypocalcemia.
Management
To restore the body’s calcium and phosphorus to normal levels. Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements are the only currently approved treatment.
If hypoparathyroidism is left untreated, complications can include blocked airways due to severe muscle spasms, calcium deposits in the brain, malformed teeth, development of cataracts.
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